graft什麼意思西班牙語

1. ●【翻譯】移花接木----漢譯英，高手指點，謝謝！

Grafting 個是嫁接的意思
graft one twig on another
stealthily substitute one thing for another 這個有 貪佔一個枝杈在另一用另秘密地替代一件事 的意思Substituting stealthily這個是移花接木

2. 享有......名詞解釋

take
[teik]
v.
拿, 拿走, 取, 抓, 佔領, 獲得, 接受, 感受
n.
捕獲量

take
take
AHD:[t³k]
D.J.[teik]
K.K.[tek]
v.（動詞）
took[t‹k] tak.en[t³「k…n] tak.ing， takes
v.tr.（及物動詞）
To get into one's possession by force, skill, or artifice, especially:
取得：通過武力、技巧或欺詐佔有，尤指：
To capture physically; seize:
奪取：親身獲得；掌握：
take an enemy fortress.
奪取敵人的一個要塞
To seize with authority; confiscate.
逮捕，沒收：運用權力剝奪；沒收
To kill, snare, or trap (fish or game, for example).
殺，設陷阱捕捉：殺死，設陷井捕獲或誘捕（如，魚或獵物）
Sports Games To acquire in a game or competition; win:
【體育運動】 【游戲】 獲得，贏得：在一場游戲或競賽中獲得；贏得：
took the crown in horseracing.
在賽馬中獲得冠軍
Sports Games To defeat:
【體育運動】 【游戲】 擊敗：：擊敗：
Our team took the visitors three to one.
我們隊以三比一擊敗客隊
Sports To catch (a ball in play), especially in baseball:
【體育運動】 接住球：接住（比賽中的一個球） ，尤指在棒球中：
The player took it on the fly.
隊員接住高飛的球
Baseball To refrain from swinging at (a pitched ball).
【棒球】 放過：放過（一個投給擊球員的球）不打
To grasp with the hands; grip:
用手抓住；握住：
Take your partner's hand.
握住你舞伴的手
To be affected with; come down with; contract:
受…的影響；得於；感染：
The child has taken the flu.
這小孩得了流感
To encounter or catch in a particular situation; come upon; discover:
邂逅：在某一特殊情況下碰到或遇到（某人）；突然遇到；發現：
Your actions took me by surprise.
你的行動著實讓我吃了一驚
To deal a blow to; strike or hit:
給…一記拳擊；敲擊，擊打：
The boxer took his opponent a sharp jab to the ribs.
這個拳擊選手對准其對手的肋骨猛砸一拳
To affect favorably or winsomely; charm or captivate:
受吸引，迷惑：使人產生好感地或使人高興地影響…；迷住或俘獲…的心：
She was taken by the puppy.
她被那隻小狗迷往了
To put (food or drink, for example) into the body; eat or drink:
吃，喝：將（食物或飲料等）置於體內；吃或喝：
took a little soup for dinner.
喝了點湯充作晚餐
To draw in; inhale:
吸入；吸納：：吸入；吸納：
took a deep breath.
深吸了一口氣
To expose one's body to (healthful or pleasurable treatment, for example):
置身於：把自己的身體暴露給（如，健康的或愉悅的治療）：
take the sun; take the waters at a spa.
曬太陽；在溫泉中沐浴
To bring or receive into a particular relation, association, or other connection:
結合，聯合：把…帶入或吸收進某一特定關系、組織或其它聯系：
take a new partner into the firm; take a company national.
吸收一名新的合夥人加入公司；擴展公司業務到全國各地
To engage in sex with.
和…進行性交
To accept and place under one's care or keeping.
接受，安置：接受對…的看護或保管或把…置於某人的看管或保護之下
To appropriate for one's own or another's use or benefit; obtain by purchase; secure or buy:
撥款，購得，獲得：為了自己或另一個人的使用或利益而挪用；通過購買而獲取；得到或購買：
We always take season tickets.
我們通常購買季票
To assume for oneself:
為自己奪取：
take all the credit.
搶佔了全部功勞
To charge or oblige oneself with the fulfillment of (a task or ty, for example); commit oneself to:
使某人負…義務：使自己負起或承擔完成（一項任務或義務）的職責；使自己負有…：
She took the position of chair of the committee.
她擔任了該委員會主席一職
To pledge one's obedience to; impose (a vow or promise) upon oneself.
宣誓服從…；使自己（發誓或許諾）
To subject oneself to:
使自己經受：
We took extra time to do the job properly.
我們花額外時間來把這頂工作做好
To accept or adopt for one's own.
納為己有：接受…使成為自己所有或採納…使成為自己所有
To put forth or adopt as a point of argument, defense, or discussion.
提出，採納：提出或採納…作為爭論、辯解或討論的一個論點
To require or have as a fitting or proper accompaniment:
採用：獲取或具有…作為一個合適的或恰當的伴隨物：
Intransitive verbs take no direct object.
不及物動詞不帶直接賓語
To pick out; select or choose:
挑出；挑選，選擇：
take any card.
隨便拿一張卡
To choose for one's own use; avail oneself of the use of:
選擇：為了自己使用而挑選；讓自己能夠使用…：
We took a rented car.
我們租了一部車
To use (something) as when in operation:
使用：在運作中使用（某物）：
This camera takes 35mm film.
這架照相機用35毫米的膠卷
To use (something) as a means of conveyance or transportation:
乘坐：作為一種傳送或交通工具來使用（某物）：
take a train to Pittsburgh.
乘坐火車去匹茲堡
To use (something) as a means of safety or refuge:
使用…躲避：作為一種安全或救護的手段來使用（某物）：
take shelter from the storm.
找地方躲避風暴
To choose and then adopt (a particular route or direction) while on foot or while operating a vehicle:
選擇特定的路線或方向：走路或駕駛一輛運載工具時先選擇然後按照（某一特定的路線或方向）前進：
Take a right at the next corner. The driver downshifted to take the corner.
在下一個拐角向右轉。司機調低速檔以便轉彎
To assume occupancy of:
佔有：獲取對…的佔有：
take a seat.
佔有一個座位
To require (something) as a basic necessity:
所需，必備：需要（某物）作為一項基本必需品：
It takes money to live in that town.
要住那城市得花費不少
To obtain from a source; derive or draw:
有…取得，由…獲得：從某一來源獲取；得到或取得：
The book takes its title from the Bible.
該書書名得自於《聖經》
To obtain, as through measurement or a specified procere:
如通過測量或某一特定程序獲取：
took the patient's temperature.
給病人量體溫
To put down in shorthand or cursive writing:
速記，草草寫下：用速寫或草書寫下來：
take a letter.
草草地寫了一封信
To put down an image, a likeness, or a representation of by or as by drawing, painting, or photography:
繪畫，照相：通過或彷彿通過繪畫、油畫或攝影記錄下…的一個形象、肖像或象徵：
took a picture of us.
為我們拍了一張照片
To accept (something owed, offered, or given) either reluctantly or willingly:
接受：勉強的或情願地接受（所欠的、提供的或給予的某物）：
take criticism.
接受批評
To submit to (something inflicted); enre:
屈服，忍受：聽任（所遭受的某物）；忍受：
didn't take his punishment very well.
並未得到對他應有的懲罰
To withstand:
抵擋：
The dam took the heavy flood waters.
水壩擋住了這股大洪水
To accept or believe (something put forth) as true:
接受，相信：接受或相信（所提出的某事）是真的：
I'll take your word.
我相信你的話
To follow (advice, a suggestion, or a lead, for example).
聽從（比如忠告、建議或領導）
To accept, handle, or deal with in a particular way:
處理，應付：以一種特殊的方式來接受、對付或處理：
He takes things in stride.
他總是泰然自若地處理事情
To consider in a particular relation or from a particular viewpoint:
考量：在一特定關系中或從一特定的角度來考慮：
take the bitter with the sweet.
看到痛苦中的甘甜
To make or perform:
制定，施行：
Many crucial decisions were taken as the path of the hurricane was plotted.
颶風的路徑確定以後，許多重要的決定就可執行
To allow to come in; give access or admission to; admit:
允許，認可：允許…進入；許可或同意；接納：
The boat took a lot of water but remained afloat.
那艘船進了大量的水，卻依然漂浮著
To provide room for; accommodate:
接納，容納：給…提供空間；給…提供住所：
We can't take more than 100 guests.
我們只能接納一百名客人
To become saturated or impregnated with (dye, for example).
浸透或浸滿（如染料）
To understand or interpret:
理解，解釋：
May I take your smile as an indication of approval?
你的微笑表明你已經同意了嗎?
To consider; assume:
認為；當作：
Take the matter as settled.
把這件事情決定下來吧
To consider to be equal to; reckon:
認定：認為…等同於；計算：
We take their number at 1,000.
我們認定他們的號碼是一千
To perceive or feel; experience:
感受，感覺；經歷：
I take pleasure in informing you that you have won the prize.
我很高興地告訴你，你獲獎了
To carry, convey, lead, or cause to go along to another place:
帶：攜帶、傳輸、帶領或使…去另一個地方：
Don't forget to take your umbrella. This bus takes you to New York.See Usage Note at bring
別忘了帶上你的雨傘。這輛公共汽車可以載你去紐約參見 bring
To remove from a place:
移走：將…從一個地方移開：
take the dishes from the sink.
把碟子從水槽中拿走
To secure by removing:
拔除：通過移走而得到：
The dentist took two molars.
牙醫取走了兩顆臼齒
To cause to die; kill or destroy:
殺死，毀滅：使…死亡：殺死或摧毀：
The blight took these tomatoes.
這場蟲害毀掉了這些西紅柿
To subtract:
減去：
take 15 from 30.
30減15
To commit and apply oneself to the study of:
研讀：投入或專注於…的學習：
take art lessons; take Spanish.
學藝術課程；學西班牙語
To study for with success:
努力取得：成功地為…而學習：
took a degree in law.
拿到了法律學位
Informal To swindle, defraud, or cheat:
【非正式用語】 誘騙，詐騙，欺騙：
You've really been taken.
你真的上當了
v.intr.（不及物動詞）
To acquire possession.
獲取佔有權
To engage or mesh; catch, as gears or other mechanical parts.
吻合：吻合或嚙合；如齒輪或其它機械部件嚙合
To start growing; root or germinate:
開始生長；紮根或發芽：
Have the seeds taken?
種子發芽了嗎?
To have the intended effect; operate or work:
具有預期的效果；起作用或有效：
The transfusion apparently took.
輸血顯然起作用了
To gain popularity or favor:
受歡迎，喜歡：
The television series, which didn't take, was later canceled.
不受歡迎的電視連續劇後來停放了
To become:
變得：
He took sick.
他生病了
n.（名詞）
The act or process of taking.
取的行為或過程
That which is taken.
取得之物
A quantity collected at one time, especially the amount of profit or receipts taken on a business arrangement or venture.
一次清算的數量：一次所收集的數量，尤指在一次商業活動或商業投機中所得到的利潤或收益的數量
The number of fish, game birds, or other animals killed or captured at one time.
一次所獵殺或捕獲的魚、鳥或其它動物的數目
Sports The amount of money collected as admission to a sporting event; the gate.
【體育運動】 門票收入：作為觀看一場體育比賽的入場費所收集到的錢；門票
The uninterrupted running of a movie or television camera or a set of recording equipment in filming a movie or television program or cutting a record.
未停機的拍攝：在拍攝一部電影或電視節目或剪輯一段錄音時，電影或電視攝像機或一套錄音設備不停頓的拍攝或錄制
A scene filmed or televised without interrupting the run of the camera.
一個鏡頭：沒有讓攝影機中途停拍而成的一段電影或電視場景
A recording made in a single session.
一次性錄製成的錄音
A physical reaction, such as a rash, indicating a successful vaccination.
發痘：一種表明成功注射疫苗的身體反應，如出疹子
A successful graft.
一次成功的嫁接
Slang An attempt or a try:
【俚語】 企圖，嘗試：
He got the answer on the third take.
在第三次應答時他答對了

take after
To follow as an example.
仿效：將…作為榜樣跟隨
To resemble in appearance, temperament, or character.
相象：在相貌、脾氣或性格上相似
take apart
To divide into parts after disassembling.
拆開：分開後將…分成許多部分
To dissect or analyze (a theory, for example), usually in an effort to discover hidden or innate flaws or weaknesses.
詳細分析研究：肢解或分析（如，一個理論），通常是籍此以發現隱藏的或固有的弊端或缺點
Slang To beat up; thrash.
【俚語】 狠揍；把…打扁
take back
To retract (something stated or written).
收回（所說的或所寫的事）
take down
To bring to a lower position from a higher one.
拿下，放下：將…從一個較高的位置拿到一個較低的位置
To take apart; dismantle:
拆開；拆散：
take down the Christmas tree.
把聖誕樹拆散
To lower the arrogance or the self-esteem of (a person):
挫…的銳氣：壓低（一個人的）傲慢或自尊：
really took him down ring the debate.
在辯論中實實在在地煞了他的威風
To put down in writing.
記下：以書寫的形式記錄下來的
take for
To regard as:
把…視作：
Do you take me for a fool?
你以為我是個傻瓜嗎?
To consider mistakenly:
誤認為：
Don't take silence for approval.
不要把沉默誤認為是同意
take in
To grant admittance to; receive as a guest or an employee.
讓…進入，接納，吸收：允許…進來；接受…為客人或雇員
To rece in size; make smaller or shorter:
收縮：在尺寸上減小；使…變小或為變短：
took in the waist on the pair of pants.
把褲子的腰身改小一些
To include or constitute.
包括，構成
To understand:
理解：
couldn't take in the meaning of the word.
不能夠理解這個詞的含義
To deceive or swindle:
欺騙，誘騙：
was taken in by a confidence artist.
被一名騙人的行家給騙了
To look at thoroughly; view:
詳盡地看；注視：
took in the sights.
飽覽各個景色
To accept (work) to be done in one's house for pay:
接（活計）在家裡做：為獲取報酬而接下（在自己家裡完成的工作）：
took in typing.
在家的打字活
To convey (a prisoner) to a police station.
押送（罪犯）去警察局
take off
To remove, as clothing:
脫掉（衣服等）：
take one's coat off; take off one's galoshes.
脫去外衣；脫下套靴
To release:
放開：
took the brake off.
松開剎車
To dect as a discount:
打折：作為折扣而減價：
took 20 percent off.
優惠百分之二十
To carry off or away.
帶走
Slang
【俚語】
To go off; leave:
走開；離開：
took off in a hurry.
匆匆地離去
To achieve wide use or popularity:
廣泛使用，大受歡迎：
a new movie that really took off.
一部極為賣座的新片
To rise in flight:
起飛：
The plane took off on time.
飛機准時起飛
To discontinue:
取消：
took off the commuter special.
取消了特殊通勤
To withhold service e, as from one's work:
休假：暫時不做（自己工作中的）應做的工作：
I'm taking off three days ring May.
五月份我將會休假三天
take on
To undertake or begin to handle:
從事，開始對付：
took on extra responsibilities.
擔負了額外的責任
To hire; engage:
雇；僱傭：
took on more workers ring the harvest.
在收獲期間雇了更多的工人
To oppose in competition:
對抗：在競爭中迎擊：
a wrestler who took on all comers.
一個接受所有新手挑戰的摔跤運動員
Informal To display violent or passionate emotion:
【非正式用語】 激動，大驚小怪：表現出猛烈的或激動的情感：
Don't take on so!
別這樣大吵大鬧！
To acquire (an appearance, for example) as or as if one's own:
擺架子，假裝：獲得（比如，相貌）作為自己的或使它象是自己的：
Over the years he has taken on the look of a banker.
這些年來他擺出了一副銀行家的派頭
take out
To extract; remove:
取出；弄走：
took the splinter out.
取出木屑
To secure (a license, for example) by application to an authority.
向機關申請取得：通過向一個權力機關申請來獲得（比如，許可證）
Informal To escort, as a date.
【非正式用語】 陪伴（比如，約會中一方）
To give vent to:
發泄：
Don't take your frustration out in such an aggressive manner.
不要用這樣一種積極的方式來發泄你的失意
To obtain as an equivalent in a different form:
獲得平衡：作為一種不同形式的對等物取得：
took out the money owed in services.
平衡各虧欠服務中心的錢
Informal To begin a course; set out:
【非正式用語】 開始一段路程；出發：
The police took out after the thieves.
警方出動警力追捕小偷
Slang
【俚語】
To kill; murder:
殺死；謀殺：
Two snipers took out an enemy platoon.
兩名狙擊手消滅了敵人一個排
To search for and destroy in an armed attack or other such encounter:
在武裝攻擊或其它類似的方式搜尋並摧毀：
Combat pilots, flying low to avoid radar, took out the guerrilla leader's bunker in a single mission.
在一次行動中，戰斗機飛行員在低空飛行以躲避雷達，發現並炸毀了游擊隊領導所在的掩體
take over
To assume the control or management of.
接管：獲得對…的控制或管理
take to
To have recourse to; go to, as for safety:
求救於；（如為了安全）前往：
took to the woods.
躲到樹林里
To develop as a habit or a steady practice:
養成習慣，沉於：有了…的習慣或開始持續地做：
take to drink.
染上了酗酒的惡習
To become fond of or attached to:
喜愛，親近：喜歡上…或和…變得親近：
「Two keen minds that they are, they took to each other」(Jack Kerouac)
「越敏銳的兩顆心，越容易互相吸引」(傑克·凱魯亞克)
take up
To raise; lift.
舉起；升起
To rece in size; shorten or tighten:
縮減，改緊：在尺寸上減小；縮短或使…更緊：
take up a gown.
把一件袍子改短些
To pay off an (outstanding debt, mortgage, or note).
付清一筆（數目可觀的債務、抵押貸款或票據）
To accept (an option, a bet, or a challenge) as offered.
接受所提供的（一種選擇、一筆賭注或一個挑戰）
To begin again; resume:
再次開始；重新開始：
Let's take up where we left off.
讓我們接著我們停下來的地方重新開始
To use up, consume, or occupy:
用盡，耗掉或佔用：
The extra ties took up most of my time.
額外工作耗費了我絕大部分時間
To develop an interest in or devotion to:
喜歡，鍾愛：對…產生了興趣或鍾愛：
take up mountain climbing.
喜歡上登山運動
To deal with:
處理：
Let's take up each problem one at a time.
讓我們一個問題一個問題地來解決
To assume:
擺出：
took up a friendly attitude.
擺出友好的態度
To absorb or adsorb:
吸收，吸附：
crops taking up nutrients.
正在吸收養分的作物
To enter into (a profession or business):
開始從事（一項職業或行當）：
took up engineering.
干起了工程設計這一行

on the take【非正式用語】
Taking or seeking to take bribes or illegal income:
收受賄賂的：收受賄賂或非法收入的或試圖收受賄賂或非法收入的：
「There were policemen on the take」(Scott Turow)
「有一些警察非法收受賄賂」(斯科特·圖羅)
take a bath【非正式用語】
To experience serious financial loss:
蒙受嚴重的財政損失：
「Small investors who latched on to hot new issues took a bath in Wall Street」(Paul A. Samuelson)
「那些抱住熱門新產品不放的小投資者們在華爾街栽了大跟頭」(保羅A.塞繆爾森)
take account of
To take into consideration.
把…納入考慮范圍
take away from
To detract:
減少，減弱：
Her stringy hair takes away from her lovely face.
她的絲一樣的長發使人們沒有注意到她那可愛的臉蛋
take care
To be careful:
小心：
Take care or you will slip on the ice.
小心些，不然你會在冰上滑倒的
take care of
To assume responsibility for the maintenance, support, or treatment of.
照料，贍養：承擔對…的保養、贍養或治療的責任
take charge
To assume control or command.
取得控制或指揮權
take effect
To become operative, as under law or regulation:
生效：成為有效力的，如在法律或規章的約束下：
The curfew takes effect at midnight.
宵禁在午夜生效
To proce the desired reaction:
奏效：產生所希望的反應：
The antibiotics at last began to take effect.
抗菌素最後終於發生效力了
take exception
To express opposition by argument; object to:
反對：通過爭辯來表示反對；抵制：
took exception to the prosecutor's line of questioning.
對檢查官的質疑提出反對
take five或
take ten 【俚語】
To take a short rest or break, as of five or ten minutes.
小憩：進行很短的休息（如五分鍾或十分鍾的小憩）
take for granted
To consider as true, real, or forthcoming; anticipate correctly.
想當然：認為…是真實的、正確的或會要發生的；料想…是正確的
To underestimate the value of:
低估了…的價值：
a publisher who took the editors for granted.
一位低估了其編輯作用的出版商
take heart
To be confident or courageous.
充滿信心或勇氣
take hold
To seize, as by grasping.
（如通過抓握來）奪取
To become established:
紮根：
The newly planted vines quickly took hold.
新種下的葡萄藤很快就紮下了根
take it
To understand; assume:
理解；臆斷：
As I take it, they won't accept the proposal.
照我看，他們不會接受這項建議
Informal To enre abuse, criticism, or other harsh treatment:
【非正式用語】 忍受：忍受辱罵、批評或其它嚴厲的對待：
If you can dish it out, you've got to learn to take it.
如果你將它提出，你就會知道被臭罵的滋味
take it on the chin【俚語】
To enre punishment, suffering, or defeat.
遭受懲罰、折磨或失敗
take it or leave it
To accept or reject unconditionally.
要麼要，要麼不要：不附帶任何條件地接受或拒絕
take it out on【非正式用語】
To abuse (someone) in venting one's own anger.
通過…懲罰來出氣：在發泄自己的怒氣時辱罵（某人）
take kindly to
To be receptive to:
接受：
take kindly to constructive criticism.
接受建設性的批評
To be naturally attracted or fitted to; thrive on.
自然而然地為…所吸引或適合；靠…茁壯成長
take lying down【非正式用語】
To submit to harsh treatment with no resistance:
逆來順受：不進行任何反抗地接受粗暴或嚴厲的對等：
refused to take the snub lying down.
拒絕低眉順眼地聽任別人呵斥
take not

3. graft time是什麼意思

graft time
移植時間
graft
英 [grɑ:ft] 美 [græft]
n.
移植;嫁接;瀆職;貪污，受賄
vt.
移植;貪污;嫁接，接枝;用嫁接法種植
vi.
移植;嫁接;貪污;受賄
Pear trees are grafted on quince rootstocks.
梨樹被嫁接到榲的根莖上。

4. 移花接木是什麼意思啊

解釋：把一種花木的枝條或嫩芽嫁接在另一種花木上。比喻暗中用手段更換人或事物來欺騙別人。
出處：明·凌濛初《二刻拍案驚奇》卷十七：「同窗友認假作真，女秀才移花接木。」
用法：聯合式；作謂語、定語；含貶義
示例：惡書自是好身手，～掩先丑。 ★清·葉蘭《竊名器》詩
英文： graft <stealthily substitude one thing for another>

5. Graf是什麼意思及反義詞

graf反義詞：civilian（市民；平民，百姓；民法學者。）

英[ɡrɑ:f]

<德>n.(德國、奧地利、瑞典的) 伯爵

• 例句

• "In theory, any two plants that are closely related botanically and that have a continuous cambium can be grafted. "理論上，兩個近緣的並有連續的形成層的植株均能進行嫁接。

• In his graft way, he was very persuasive他雖然態度生硬，但很有說服力。

• This was his first hint at graft, favoritism這是他包庇，偏私的最初的暗示。

• According to the anti-graft investigator, Mr. Qu, more than 70 officials of the Xiamen Customs Bureau have been charged with criminal offences.據反貪調查官瞿先生透露,廈門海關有70多名官員被控有罪。

• A large,multicolored graffito.大幅塗鴉巨大的、多彩的亂塗亂畫

• An elaborate mural painted by a graffiti artist,usually on the wall of an abandoned building.塗鴉壁畫塗鴉畫家繪制的精製壁畫。通常在牆上或廢棄的建築物上

• In the current economic reform you are telling people to become prosperous, but some cases of graft and corruption and abuse of power have cropped up.現在經濟改革，你們教育人民要致富，出現了少數貪污腐化和濫用權力的現象。

6. graft是什麼意思

graft 英[grɑ:ft] 美[græft]
n. 移植; 嫁接; 瀆職; 貪污，受賄;
vt. 移植; 貪污; 嫁接，接枝; 用嫁接法種植;
vi. 移植; 嫁接; 貪污; 受賄;
[例句]I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.
我馬上就要接受手臂的皮膚移植手術。
[其他] 第三人稱單數：grafts 現在分詞：grafting 過去式：grafted過去分詞：grafted

7. graft是什麼意思

英 [grɑːft] 美 [ɡræft]
vi. 移植；嫁接；貪污
vt. 移植；嫁接；貪污
n. 移植；嫁接；瀆職
n. （非正式）腳踏實地地埋頭苦幹
精銳教育老師很高興為你解答，祝學習進步。

8. GⅤL是什麼病

GVL是移植物抗白血病，英文全稱是graft-versus-leukemia。是指與異基因造血干、祖細胞移植密切相關的移植物抗白血病功能，它的產生與移植前進行的化、放療等預處理方案並無關聯。研究發現:發生過急性或慢性移植物抗宿主的患者其白血病的復發率要比未發生過移植物抗宿主的患者低2.5倍。另外還發現同基因骨髓移植患者其白血病的復發率要比異基因骨髓抑制者為高。因此人們推測，供者的淋巴細胞對受者體內的白血病細胞可能具有一定程度的攻擊作用，這一作用即稱為移植物抗白血病作用。望採納。

9. graft payroll什麼意思

顯然，果夫在交涉的時候沒有拿出足夠的威懾力量，也許烏爾茨已經把他放進賄賂名單上了。
graft payroll:賄賂名單 graft=bribery